Discovery could transform the development of antibiotics

Researchers in Israel have made a discovery that could change the course against bacterial infections and, above all, against antibiotic-resistant superbugs.

A study published in the journal Nature has revealed that the proteasome (a cellular structure previously known only for recycling proteins) hides an interesting function in the fight against infections.

How does the proteasome become a defense against bacteria during infections?

The proteasome works as a kind of “recycling plant” for cells, breaking down worn-out proteins into small fragments and reusing them for new production.

But scientists have discovered that when a bacterial infection is detected, this mechanism changes.

During infection, the proteasome adopts a “secret” function and starts producing molecules capable of destroying the outer layer of bacteria, acting as a kind of chemical defense line.

The study shows that these molecules can eliminate bacteria as effectively as some antibiotics widely used today.

Initial tests, conducted both in the laboratory and on animal models - such as mice infected with pneumonia and sepsis - showed promising results. The substances derived from the proteasome were able to contain infections and even prevent some highly resistant bacteria from thriving.

Another important point observed by the researchers is that by deactivating the proteasome in human cells grown in the laboratory, these cells became much more vulnerable to bacteria such as Salmonella.

This reinforces the idea that this “hidden function” of the proteasome plays an essential role in our natural immunity.

As well as transforming the way in which the immune system works, the discovery opens up a new front for the development of innovative antibiotics.

Experts point out that although the road to a new drug is long, the potential of this discovery is immense.

Finding new natural defense strategies in the body itself could be the key to the future of antimicrobial treatments.

To read the full study, visit the publication by Nature at this link.

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